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For people with Down syndrome, family members, caregivers and professionals.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship Between Oral Health and Down Syndrome

Author: Botero et al. - Current Oral Health Reports (2024)

Abstract Purpose of Review:  Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be more susceptible to oral disorders as a result of a combination of genetic factors, immunological disturbances, anatomi

Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Pneumonia in Persons with Down Syndrome in the United States

Author: Janoff et al. - Vaccine (2023)

Abstract Background:  Persons with Down syndrome (DS) experience an increased risk of pneumonia. We determined the incidence and outcomes of pneumonia and relationship to underlying comorbidi

Brushing Teeth Visuals

Author: Katie Frank, PhD, OTR/L - Occupational Therapist, Adult Down Syndrome Center

The visuals under the headers remind us of the steps for brushing our teeth. Tap or click on the headers to find printable versions for electric and manual toothbrushes. There are also versio

Perspectives on Pain in Down Syndrome

Author: Shaikh et al. - Medicinal Research Reviews (2023)

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is a genetic condition often accompanied by chronic pain caused by congenital abnormalities and/or conditions, such as osteoarthritis, recurrent infections, a

Getting an EEG Visual

Author: Katie Frank, PhD, OTR/L - Occupational Therapist, Adult Down Syndrome Center

This Getting an EEG visual  explains what happens when we have an electroencephalogram (EEG) done. It can help individuals with Down syndrome know what to expect when going for an EEG. Additi

Financial Impact of a Specialized Down Syndrome Clinic: Implications and Support for Institutional Support of Specialty Care Clinics

Author: VanZant & Vellody - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A

Abstract Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have specific health care needs and require additional screening and surveillance for commonly associated conditions. The American Academy of Pediatrics (A

Safety and Long-Term Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Author: Valentini et al. - Journal of Clinical Medicine (2022)

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in young people with Down syndrome (DS), and to compare their humoral immune response with those of the healthy cont

How to Brush Your Teeth Video

Author: Bridget Brown, Blase Brown, DDS, MA, and Adult Down Syndrome Center - Video

In this video, Bridget describes and demonstrates how to brush your teeth using a manual toothbrush and an electric toothbrush. Our Resource Library also has Brushing Teeth Visuals  that corr

Going to the Dentist Social Stories

Author: Pennsylvania ASERT - Autism Services, Education, Resources, and Training Collaborative

The social stories linked below are intended to help individuals with Down syndrome and other intellectual or developmental disabilities prepare for and feel more comfortable with going to the dentist

Visuals and Videos About the COVID-19 Vaccine

Author: Adult Down Syndrome Center - Resource List

Several organizations have created helpful resources about COVID-19 vaccines. We have provided links to some of them below.  VISUALS / PLAIN LANGUAGE RESOURCES Getting the COVID-19 Vaccine &a

Epilepsy in Down Syndrome: A Highly Prevalent Comorbidity

Author: Altuna, Gimenez, & Fortea - Journal of Clinical Medicine (2021)

Abstract Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for epilepsy during the whole lifespan, but especially after age 40 years. The increase in the number of individuals with DS living

Specialty Clinics for Adults with Down Syndrome: A Clinic Survey

Author: Santoro et al. - American Journal of Medical Genetics: Part A (2021)

Abstract Specialty centers improve care for patients with Down syndrome. The cohort of adults with Down syndrome is increasing, but the capacity for specialty centers to meet their medical care needs

Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections in Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Author: Santoro et al. - American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A (2020)

Abstract Pneumonia and respiratory infections impact infants and children with Down syndrome; pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in adults with Down syndrome. We aimed to review the literature

Catatonia in Down Syndrome: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome Assessment Based on a Case Series of Seven Patients

Author: Miles et al. - Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (2019)

Abstract Objective:  The goal is to expand our knowledge of catatonia occurring in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) by describing the first prospective, consecutive, well-

Don't Spread Germs!

Author: Abdul Bilal Khan, MD

This visual shares tips for stopping the spread of germs that make you and others sick.

The Pattern of Malignancies in Down Syndrome and Its Potential Context with the Immune System

Author: Satge & Seidel - Frontiers in Immunology (2018)

Abstract The immune surveillance theory of cancer posits that the body's immune system detects and destroys randomly occurring malignant cells. This theory is based on the observation of the i

Self-Reported Presence and Experience of Pain in Adults with Down Syndrome

Author: de Knegt et al. - Pain Medicine (2017)

Abstract Objective: The aim was to examine whether the presence of pain (based on physical conditions and participants’ report) and self-reported pain experience in adults with Down syndrome

Pain Perception in People with Down Syndrome: A Synthesis of Clinical and Experimental Research

Author: McGuire & Defrin - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (2015)

Abstract People with an intellectual disability experience both acute and chronic pain with at least the same frequency as the general population. However, considerably less is known about the pain pe

A Center for Adults and Adolescents with Down Syndrome

Author: Chicoine, McGuire, Dominiak, Bilodeau, & Chicoine

An article written to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the opening of the Adult Down Syndrome Center of Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and Advocate Medical Group

Neurobehavioral Disorders in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Down Syndrome

Author: Capone et al. - American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C (2006)

Abstract The term dual-diagnosis refers to a person with mental retardation and psychiatric disorder. Most children with Down syndrome (DS) do not have a psychiatric or neurobehavioral disorder. Curre

Pain Expression and Stimulus Localisation in Individuals with Down's Syndrome

Author: Hennequin et al. - The Lancet (2000)

Abstract Background:  Individuals with Down's syndrome do not always exhibit signs of distress in reaction to noxious stimuli comparable with the general population. This pilot study

A Murine Model for Down Syndrome Shows Reduced Responsiveness to Pain

Author: Martinez-Cue et al. - NeuroReport

Abstract TS65DN mice have an extra chromosome that contains a segment of chromosome 16 homologous to the Down syndrome ‘critical region’ of human chromosome 21. Since pain transmis

Development of a Clinic for Adults With Down Syndrome

Author: Chicoine, McGuire, Hebein, Gilly

This is an article published in the journal Mental Retardation in 1994.

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Please note: The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to serve as a substitute for a medical, psychiatric, mental health, or behavioral evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment plan by a qualified professional. We recommend you review the educational material with your health providers regarding the specifics of your health care needs.

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