Definition:
Chronic cough is defined as any cough that lasts greater than three weeks. It is a common condition in adults with Down syndrome. Reasons that chronic cough have a higher frequency in people with Down syndrome include but are not limited to:
Causes include but are not limited to:
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Post-nasal drip (mucus from sinuses dripping down to the back of the throat)
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Asthma
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GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, “heartburn”)
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Chronic bronchitis
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Viral or bacterial upper respiratory infection including the “common cold”
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Flu (influenza)
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Habitual cough (cough that is behavioral or tic-like in nature; repetitive movements and sounds are common in some adults with Down syndrome)
If a person with Down syndrome has a persistent cough, it is important for he or she to see a healthcare provider to evaluate the cause of the cough.
A healthcare provider can use many tools to help narrow down the cause of the chronic cough such as:
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A good history of symptoms and a physical exam
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Rapid flu test
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Spirometry (test for asthma or COPD)
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Chest x-ray
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Blood tests
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CT scan of the sinuses
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Visualization of the airway by an ENT using a scope
Treatment of the cough will depend on the cause and include but are not limited to:
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GERD: Proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole or omeprazole to reduce acid reflux
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Post nasal drip: nasal spray such as fluticasone (Flonase)
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Cough suppressants
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Bacterial infection: Antibiotics
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Flu: Tamiflu if symptoms started less then 72 hours of treatment
References:
Chicoine, B. & McGuire, D. (2010) The Guide to Good Health for Teens & Adults with Down Syndrome. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House, Inc.
Moore, P.E. (2011) Respiratory concerns in children with Down syndrome [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://www.ndss.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/respiratory_concerns_in_children_with_down_syndrome_slides.pdf