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For people with Down syndrome, family members, caregivers and professionals.

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Urinary Retention

Author: Agni Vlahos, MD and Brian Chicoine, MD - Family Medicine

Key Points Urinary retention is the build-up of excessive urine in the bladder. It appears to be more common in people with Down syndrome. A common reason for urinary retention in people with Down syn

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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Key Points Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of the urethra, bladder, ureters, and/or kidneys. People with Down syndrome have risk factors for getting a UTI due to issues related to not e

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Urinary Incontinence

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Key Points Urinary incontinence or urinary "accidents" are more common in people with Down syndrome. There are many potential causes.  The inability to empty the bladder com

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Pneumonia in People with Down Syndrome

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Key Points Lungs are vital organs in the movement of oxygen into the body and the removal of carbon dioxide. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Pneumonia is more common in people with Down syndro

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Elevated Red Blood Cell Count (Polycythemia)

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Key Points Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.  An elevated red blood cell count (polycythemia) occurs when there is an excess of red blood cells in the bloods

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Iron Deficiency and Down Syndrome

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Key Points Iron deficiency occurs when a person does not have enough iron in their body. Iron deficiency anemia is the low red blood cell count that results from that deficiency. A complete blood coun

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Employment Resources

Author: Ann Garcia and Jennifer Smid - Patient Advocates, Adult Down Syndrome Center

This list of resources was compiled by the patient advocates at the Adult Down Syndrome Center. Some of these resources are specific to the greater Chicagoland area and/or Illinois. If you are looking

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College and Vocational Training Resources

Author: Ann Garcia - Patient Advocate, Adult Down Syndrome Center

This list of resources was compiled by Ann Garcia, patient advocate at the Adult Down Syndrome Center. Most of these resources are specific to the greater Chicagoland area and/or Illinois. If

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Kidney Function in People with Down Syndrome

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

We frequently see that the lab values of kidney function of people with Down syndrome (DS) we evaluate at our Center are mildly abnormal. The kidney function is slightly decreased compared to what is

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Post-Secondary Transition Resources

Author: Ann Garcia and Grace O'Connor - Patient Advocates, Adult Down Syndrome Center

This list of resources was compiled by Ann Garcia and Grace O'Connor, patient advocates at the Adult Down Syndrome Center. Some of these resources are specific to Illinois residents - they are

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Health Care Transition Resources

Author: Ann Garcia and Grace O'Connor - Patient Advocates, Adult Down Syndrome Center

The resources below can be used by individuals with Down syndrome, their families and caregivers, and their health care providers during the transition from pediatric to adult health care.  G

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Alternatives to Workshops

Author: Ann Garcia and Grace O'Connor - Patient Advocates, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Some of these resources are specific to the greater Chicagoland area and/or Illinois. If you are looking for resources in another region, we recommend reaching out to a local Down syndrome parent orga

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Trisomy 21 Toolkit for Transitioning to Adult Medical Care

Author: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia - Trisomy 21 Toolkit for Transitioning to Adult Medical Care

The Trisomy 21 Toolkit for Transitioning to Adult Medical Care outlines steps individuals with Down syndrome or other intellectual disabilities can take toward building independence, planning for the

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Low White Blood Cell Count

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

What is the significance of a low white blood cell count (neutropenia)? We commonly find that our adult patients with Down syndrome have a mildly reduced white blood cell count. What does it mean? Wha

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Elevated Globulin

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

Globulins are antibodies (found and measured in the blood) that are elevated in inflammatory conditions, infections, and some cancers. We often find the globulin level to be elevated in people with Do

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MCH and MCV

Author: Brian Chicoine, MD - Medical Director, Adult Down Syndrome Center

We received a question about MCH and MCV. The question concerned an individual with Down syndrome who had a high MCH and MCV. MCH is mean corpuscular hemoglobin (the average amount of hemoglobin in th

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Please note: The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to serve as a substitute for a medical, psychiatric, mental health, or behavioral evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment plan by a qualified professional. We recommend you review the educational material with your health providers regarding the specifics of your health care needs.

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