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For people with Down syndrome, family members, caregivers and professionals.

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Wearing My Hearing Aids Story

Author: Abby Rowley, LCSW and Katie Frank, PhD, OTR/L - Adult Down Syndrome Center

Wearing My Hearing Aids   This visual story explains why it is important to wear our hearing aids and describes when to wear our hearing aids and how to take care of them.  

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A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship Between Oral Health and Down Syndrome

Author: Botero et al. - Current Oral Health Reports (2024)

Abstract Purpose of Review:  Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be more susceptible to oral disorders as a result of a combination of genetic factors, immunological disturbances, anatomi

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Common Mental Health Disorders and Cognitive Decline in a Longitudinal Down Syndrome Cohort

Author: Idris et al. - BJPsych Open (2023)

Abstract Background:  Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and Alzheimer's disease. In the general population, common mental disorders (CMDs), inc

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Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group-USA (DSMIG-USA) Resources

Author: Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group-USA - Resource List

Are you a health professional looking for information on providing care for individuals with Down syndrome? The Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group-USA  offers several options to support you

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Getting Ear Wax Removed

Author: Katie Frank, PhD, OTR/L - Occupational Therapist, Adult Down Syndrome Center

This Getting Ear Wax Removed Visual    explains what happens when we get our ears cleaned out. This visual can help individuals with Down syndrome know what to expect when g

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Down Syndrome Podcast Series for Parents, Educators, and Medical Professionals

Author: Down Syndrome Center of Western Pennsylvania - UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

The link below goes to a list of podcasts hosted by Kishore Vellody, MD, medical director of the Children's Down Syndrome Center in Pittsburgh. Medical issues of children, teens, and adults wi

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Brushing Teeth Visuals

Author: Katie Frank, PhD, OTR/L - Occupational Therapist, Adult Down Syndrome Center

The visuals under the headers remind us of the steps for brushing our teeth. Tap or click on the headers to find printable versions for electric and manual toothbrushes. There are also versio

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Perspectives on Pain in Down Syndrome

Author: Shaikh et al. - Medicinal Research Reviews (2023)

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is a genetic condition often accompanied by chronic pain caused by congenital abnormalities and/or conditions, such as osteoarthritis, recurrent infections, a

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Down Syndrome for the Otolaryngologist: A Review

Author: Zalzal & Lawlor - JAMA Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (2023)

Abstract Importance:  There are many features of Down syndrome that prompt referral to an otolaryngologist. As the lifetime prevalence and life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome in

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Weight Loss and Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome

Author: Fleming et al. - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (2023)

Abstract Background:  Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but research gaps remain in understanding early signs of AD in DS. Objec

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Global Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with Down Syndrome

Author: Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with Down Syndrome Workgroup - Global Down Syndrome Foundation

On October 20, 2020, the Global Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with Down Syndrome were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)  in an article called "

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Alzheimer's Disease Story

Author: Abby Rowley, LCSW - Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Adult Down Syndrome Center

The stories linked below were developed to help individuals with Down syndrome understand what Alzheimer's disease is and how Alzheimer's disease may affect someone i

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Amyloid in Older Adults with Down Syndrome Across the Alzheimer's Continuum

Author: Lao et al. - Sleep Advances: A Journal of the Sleep Research Society (2022)

Abstract We determined the extent to which obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cerebrovascular disease and amyloid burden, and the relation of the two processes across clinical

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Association of Alzheimer Disease with Life Expectancy in People with Down Syndrome

Author: Iulita et al. - JAMA Network Open (2022)

Abstract Importance:  People with Down syndrome have a high risk of developing Alzheimer disease dementia. However, penetrance and age at onset are considered variable, and the association of

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Evaluation of Upper Airway Stimulation for Adolescents with Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Author: Yu et al. (2022) - JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

Abstract Importance :  Patients with Down syndrome have a high incidence of persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and limited treatment options. Upper airway hypoglossal stimulation has be

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Health Supervision for Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome

Author: Bull et al. (2022) - Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics Publication)

In April 2022, a clinical report was published in  Pediatrics , a publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics. These pediatric guidelines are "designed to assist the p

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How to Brush Your Teeth Video

Author: Bridget Brown, Blase Brown, DDS, MA, and Adult Down Syndrome Center - Video

In this video, Bridget describes and demonstrates how to brush your teeth using a manual toothbrush and an electric toothbrush. Our Resource Library also has Brushing Teeth Visuals  that corr

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Going to the Dentist Social Stories

Author: Pennsylvania ASERT - Autism Services, Education, Resources, and Training Collaborative

The social stories linked below are intended to help individuals with Down syndrome and other intellectual or developmental disabilities prepare for and feel more comfortable with going to the dentist

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Mechanistic Analysis of Age-Related Clinical Manifestations in Down Syndrome

Author: Chen et al. - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (2021)

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to trisomy for all or part of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). It is also associated with other phenoty

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Cross-Sectional Exploration of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: Early Data from the LIFE-DSR Study

Author: Hendrix et al. - Journal of Clinical Medicine (2021)

Abstract With improved healthcare, the Down syndrome (DS) population is both growing and aging rapidly. However, with longevity comes a very high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The LIFE-DSR

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Prevalence of Common Disease Conditions in a Large Cohort of Individuals with Down Syndrome in the United States

Author: Chicoine et al. - Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (2021)

Abstract Purpose:  Given the current life expectancy and number of individuals living with Down syndrome (DS), it is important to learn common occurrences of disease conditions across the dev

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Medical Care of Adults with Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline

Author: Tsou et al. - JAMA (2020)

Abstract Importance:  Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition, and average life expectancy has increased substantially, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020. Despite the u

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Down Syndrome: Review Article

Author: Marilyn Bull, MD - The New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Abstract Down syndrome, also called Down’s syndrome (DS), is the most common chromosomal condition associated with intellectual disability and is characterized by a variety of additional cli

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Challenges of Pediatric Disease in Adulthood

Author: Baumgardner & Chicoine - Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (2020)

Abstract Some chronic diseases - such as the rare bone disease X-linked hypophosphatemia, the impetus for a study reported within Volume 7, Issue 2 of the  Journal of Patient-Centered Researc

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Please note: The information on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to serve as a substitute for a medical, psychiatric, mental health, or behavioral evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment plan by a qualified professional. We recommend you review the educational material with your health providers regarding the specifics of your health care needs.

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